Mutoscope

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination

Earliest known version of mutoscope, from the Scientific American, April 17, 1897 (Keim 10).

Technology

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination

A later version of the mutoscope was encased in steel so that it could not be carried away, c. 1900 (Keim 11).

Compared to the Kinetoscope: Moving pictures vs Moving Images

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination

The Mutoscope
1. Internal view, without the image cylinder 2. Internal view with the cylinder in place 3. Details of the mechanism seen from the front 4. Details of the mechanism seen from behind
The Biograph Mutoscope (Museum of Modern Art/Film Stills Archive) (Kardish 21) .

References

Adair, Gilbert. Flickers : An Illustrated Celebration of 100 Years of Cinema. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1995. Print.

Brown, Richard. A Victorian Film Enterprise : The History of the British Mutoscope and Biograph Company, 1897-1915.Print.

Casler, Herman. Mutoscope. Patent 683,910. 8 Oct 1901. Web. 27 Mar 2010.

Dixon, Wheeler W. and Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey. A Short History of Film. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2008. Print.

Gunning, Tom. "Machines That Give Birth to Images: Douglas Crockwell." Lovers of Cinema: The First American Film Avant-Garde 1919-1945. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Print.

Herbert, Stephen. A History of Early Film Volume 1. New York: Routledge, 2000. Print.

The Illustrated History of the Cinema. Ed. Lloyd, Ann and Robinson, David. Orbis Book Publishing Corporation Ltd. and Macmillan Publishing Company., 1986. Print.

Kardish, Laurence. Real Plastic Magic: A History of Films and Filmmaking in America. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972. Print.

Keim, Norman O. with Marc, David. Our Movie Houses: A History of Film & Cinematic Innovation in Central New York. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008. Print.