http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&feed=atom&action=historyElectric Pen - Revision history2024-03-29T15:36:04ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.25.2http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=12707&oldid=prevFinnb: Undo revision 12519 by Egugecuge (Talk)2010-11-24T14:51:01Z<p>Undo revision 12519 by <a href="/deadmedia/index.php/Special:Contributions/Egugecuge" title="Special:Contributions/Egugecuge">Egugecuge</a> (<a href="/deadmedia/index.php?title=User_talk:Egugecuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Egugecuge (page does not exist)">Talk</a>)</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></div></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|left|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|left|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent for Edison's Electric Pen, entitled ''Improvement in Autographic Printing'' was filed on March 13, 1876. The Electric Pen was Edison's <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>first experimental work in document copying and multiple duplication<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Baldwin 69). The device was invented for the niche market of business men needing to multiple copies of legal documents. The pen, however, was more versatile than for just business purposes and was popular and sold well. Beginning at the bargain price of just 35 dollars the Edison Electric Pen was marketed for any use from personal letters, music, contracts, manifestos, and artistic drawings. The pen was first sold exclusively to the east coast but quickly exanded to the midwest and  to British Columbia and England. Eventually, Edison sold the rights to the Western Electric company, but the rights and patent finally ended up in the hands A.B. Dick of Chicago who developed the next reduplication invention: the mimeograph.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent for Edison's Electric Pen, entitled ''Improvement in Autographic Printing'' was filed on March 13, 1876. The Electric Pen was Edison's <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>first experimental work in document copying and multiple duplication<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Baldwin 69). The device was invented for the niche market of business men needing to multiple copies of legal documents. The pen, however, was more versatile than for just business purposes and was popular and sold well. Beginning at the bargain price of just 35 dollars the Edison Electric Pen was marketed for any use from personal letters, music, contracts, manifestos, and artistic drawings. The pen was first sold exclusively to the east coast but quickly exanded to the midwest and  to British Columbia and England. Eventually, Edison sold the rights to the Western Electric company, but the rights and patent finally ended up in the hands A.B. Dick of Chicago who developed the next reduplication invention: the mimeograph.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An advertisement described the Electric Pen as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>Like Kissing- Every Succeeding Impression is as Good as the First- Endorsed By Every One Who Has Tried It!- Only A Gentle Pressure Used<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Baldwin 71). The illustration is of a couple embracing in a kiss while the words float around them romantically. The Pen was advertised as being easy to use, cheap, versatile, and all around incredible. The use and need of the electric pen extended to everyone from railroad officials to anyone needing private copies of private documents. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>The Pen is capable of producing the finest line, or closest written matter, and the heaviest solid or shaded letter and writing<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Wheeler). If the stencil was perfect all impressions were as well. The Electric Pen was a was a success for Edison that sold well and was liked. Any post prepared by the electric pen qualified as third class mail at one cent per ounce.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An advertisement described the Electric Pen as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>Like Kissing- Every Succeeding Impression is as Good as the First- Endorsed By Every One Who Has Tried It!- Only A Gentle Pressure Used<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Baldwin 71). The illustration is of a couple embracing in a kiss while the words float around them romantically. The Pen was advertised as being easy to use, cheap, versatile, and all around incredible. The use and need of the electric pen extended to everyone from railroad officials to anyone needing private copies of private documents. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>The Pen is capable of producing the finest line, or closest written matter, and the heaviest solid or shaded letter and writing<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Wheeler). If the stencil was perfect all impressions were as well. The Electric Pen was a was a success for Edison that sold well and was liked. Any post prepared by the electric pen qualified as third class mail at one cent per ounce.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_2.png|thumb|right| <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>London, Printed for Private Circulation on the Edison Electrical Autographic Press 1876<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_2.png|thumb|right| <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>London, Printed for Private Circulation on the Edison Electrical Autographic Press 1876<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Electric Pen Works==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Electric Pen Works==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils. To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars were held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen was not in use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils. To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars were held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen was not in use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Autographic Print==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Autographic Print==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_1.png |thumb|left|Example of Autographic Print from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_1.png |thumb|left|Example of Autographic Print from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual script made of the electric pen is different from script from a regular pen despite Edison's aggressive campaigns that the pen and his electric one are virtually the same. They are not. The unavoidable and obtrusive material qualities of the pen– the vibrations of the motor, the weight of the motor ontop of the stylus, the leash connecting from the pen to the battery, the position of the pen on the paper- were all difficulties that translated into the writing. The awkwardness and complications of the machine that juxtapose the simplicity of the pen, all contribute to the way the stencil will be cut and also the way the ink fill the stencil onto the paper. Not considering the ink roller and paper press just yet, the print and cutting of the paper was not as easy as Edison advertised. Although versatile, Baldwin describes using the pen as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>you held the 'pen' perpendicular to the surface of the paper, as you would any conventional writing implement.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>In reality writing instruments are rarely held perfectly vertical, Edison eventually acknowledges this with the Woodbury Holder. Print was also affected by the speed in which someone wrote, although the vibrations and motor of the pen would cause a writer to naturally write slower, if someone was particularly skilled the centers of letters could fall out. Mistakes and typos on the stencil would have to be ingnored and remembered to be crossed out later or else large ink spots would dominate and bleed over the paper. As mentioned earlier, the ink used was diluted and semi-fluid, but like all stencils the ink cannot be completely contained. As seen in the Autographic print example taken from text actually printed using an electric pen their is bleeding. That is not coming from the back of the page, but caused from either over using the stencil, the ink being too fluid, or just the regular imperfections or difficulties of using ink rollers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual script made of the electric pen is different from script from a regular pen despite Edison's aggressive campaigns that the pen and his electric one are virtually the same. They are not. The unavoidable and obtrusive material qualities of the pen– the vibrations of the motor, the weight of the motor ontop of the stylus, the leash connecting from the pen to the battery, the position of the pen on the paper- were all difficulties that translated into the writing. The awkwardness and complications of the machine that juxtapose the simplicity of the pen, all contribute to the way the stencil will be cut and also the way the ink fill the stencil onto the paper. Not considering the ink roller and paper press just yet, the print and cutting of the paper was not as easy as Edison advertised. Although versatile, Baldwin describes using the pen as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>you held the 'pen' perpendicular to the surface of the paper, as you would any conventional writing implement.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>In reality writing instruments are rarely held perfectly vertical, Edison eventually acknowledges this with the Woodbury Holder. Print was also affected by the speed in which someone wrote, although the vibrations and motor of the pen would cause a writer to naturally write slower, if someone was particularly skilled the centers of letters could fall out. Mistakes and typos on the stencil would have to be ingnored and remembered to be crossed out later or else large ink spots would dominate and bleed over the paper. As mentioned earlier, the ink used was diluted and semi-fluid, but like all stencils the ink cannot be completely contained. As seen in the Autographic print example taken from text actually printed using an electric pen their is bleeding. That is not coming from the back of the page, but caused from either over using the stencil, the ink being too fluid, or just the regular imperfections or difficulties of using ink rollers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Electric Pen Improved and Remediated==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Electric Pen Improved and Remediated==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Woodbury Holder===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Woodbury Holder===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Woodbury_Holder.png|thumb|right|The Woodbury Holder]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Woodbury_Holder.png|thumb|right|The Woodbury Holder]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since writing with the electric pen was so unnatural, because no one can write at a perfect perpendicular angle, the Woodbury Holder was sold to make the writing easier. The Woodbury Holder literally held the electric pen so it was always at a 90 degree angle. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>The weight of the Electric Pen rests upon the point of the tube and the small leg which projects to the right of the holder<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Wheeler). The holder or handle extends outwards from the pen and looks like and is in the position of an actual pen. By moving the pen-like handle and exerting a little pressure the Electric Pen will move as you move the handle. The displacement of the writing is similar to that of cameras in which the lens and the view finder are at different angles and must be rectified before shooting the picture. The Woodbury Holder displaces the point of writing to make it easier for beginners to use the pen and also lessen the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>jar<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>of the pens vibrations. The Woodbury Holder was sold at 5 dollars (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since writing with the electric pen was so unnatural, because no one can write at a perfect perpendicular angle, the Woodbury Holder was sold to make the writing easier. The Woodbury Holder literally held the electric pen so it was always at a 90 degree angle. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>The weight of the Electric Pen rests upon the point of the tube and the small leg which projects to the right of the holder<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Wheeler). The holder or handle extends outwards from the pen and looks like and is in the position of an actual pen. By moving the pen-like handle and exerting a little pressure the Electric Pen will move as you move the handle. The displacement of the writing is similar to that of cameras in which the lens and the view finder are at different angles and must be rectified before shooting the picture. The Woodbury Holder displaces the point of writing to make it easier for beginners to use the pen and also lessen the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>jar<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>of the pens vibrations. The Woodbury Holder was sold at 5 dollars (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Reed Pen===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Reed Pen===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the Electric Pen is a writing instrument is doesn't connect words or make lines. The tiny perforations are not connected but instead made small enough so the ink will fill in the minuscule spaces. The obvious thing about the Electric Pen is that it is really more like a sewing machine and the words cannot connect or else the centers of the letter o's and a's and cursive letter s's will all fall out. Perforations are the obvious solutions to lines so the writer does not have to pay attention to where words connect or be prohibited from writing cursive or very quickly. The Reed Pen is the solution for those who write too quickly for the Electric Pen. Developed by Edison, the Reed Pen is for the expert autographic printer. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>It is not recommended, except to very fast, skillful penmen, as the speed of the pen is so great that the centres of the letters are liable to cut out<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Wheeler). The Reed Pen could be bought for 25 dollars.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the Electric Pen is a writing instrument is doesn't connect words or make lines. The tiny perforations are not connected but instead made small enough so the ink will fill in the minuscule spaces. The obvious thing about the Electric Pen is that it is really more like a sewing machine and the words cannot connect or else the centers of the letter o's and a's and cursive letter s's will all fall out. Perforations are the obvious solutions to lines so the writer does not have to pay attention to where words connect or be prohibited from writing cursive or very quickly. The Reed Pen is the solution for those who write too quickly for the Electric Pen. Developed by Edison, the Reed Pen is for the expert autographic printer. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>It is not recommended, except to very fast, skillful penmen, as the speed of the pen is so great that the centres of the letters are liable to cut out<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Wheeler). The Reed Pen could be bought for 25 dollars.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Music Ruling Pen===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Music Ruling Pen===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>(Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</del>reply all,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </del>Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey. She is no longer prohibited from communicating on a person to person level but now can afford person to many communication as long as she has the machine, its supplies, and the ability to write.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>reply all,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey. She is no longer prohibited from communicating on a person to person level but now can afford person to many communication as long as she has the machine, its supplies, and the ability to write.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td></tr>
</table>Finnbhttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=12519&oldid=prevEgugecuge at 04:30, 24 November 20102010-11-24T04:30:37Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></div></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|left|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|left|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent for Edison's Electric Pen, entitled ''Improvement in Autographic Printing'' was filed on March 13, 1876. The Electric Pen was Edison's <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>first experimental work in document copying and multiple duplication<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Baldwin 69). The device was invented for the niche market of business men needing to multiple copies of legal documents. The pen, however, was more versatile than for just business purposes and was popular and sold well. Beginning at the bargain price of just 35 dollars the Edison Electric Pen was marketed for any use from personal letters, music, contracts, manifestos, and artistic drawings. The pen was first sold exclusively to the east coast but quickly exanded to the midwest and  to British Columbia and England. Eventually, Edison sold the rights to the Western Electric company, but the rights and patent finally ended up in the hands A.B. Dick of Chicago who developed the next reduplication invention: the mimeograph.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent for Edison's Electric Pen, entitled ''Improvement in Autographic Printing'' was filed on March 13, 1876. The Electric Pen was Edison's <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>first experimental work in document copying and multiple duplication<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Baldwin 69). The device was invented for the niche market of business men needing to multiple copies of legal documents. The pen, however, was more versatile than for just business purposes and was popular and sold well. Beginning at the bargain price of just 35 dollars the Edison Electric Pen was marketed for any use from personal letters, music, contracts, manifestos, and artistic drawings. The pen was first sold exclusively to the east coast but quickly exanded to the midwest and  to British Columbia and England. Eventually, Edison sold the rights to the Western Electric company, but the rights and patent finally ended up in the hands A.B. Dick of Chicago who developed the next reduplication invention: the mimeograph.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An advertisement described the Electric Pen as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>Like Kissing- Every Succeeding Impression is as Good as the First- Endorsed By Every One Who Has Tried It!- Only A Gentle Pressure Used<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Baldwin 71). The illustration is of a couple embracing in a kiss while the words float around them romantically. The Pen was advertised as being easy to use, cheap, versatile, and all around incredible. The use and need of the electric pen extended to everyone from railroad officials to anyone needing private copies of private documents. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>The Pen is capable of producing the finest line, or closest written matter, and the heaviest solid or shaded letter and writing<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Wheeler). If the stencil was perfect all impressions were as well. The Electric Pen was a was a success for Edison that sold well and was liked. Any post prepared by the electric pen qualified as third class mail at one cent per ounce.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An advertisement described the Electric Pen as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>Like Kissing- Every Succeeding Impression is as Good as the First- Endorsed By Every One Who Has Tried It!- Only A Gentle Pressure Used<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Baldwin 71). The illustration is of a couple embracing in a kiss while the words float around them romantically. The Pen was advertised as being easy to use, cheap, versatile, and all around incredible. The use and need of the electric pen extended to everyone from railroad officials to anyone needing private copies of private documents. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>The Pen is capable of producing the finest line, or closest written matter, and the heaviest solid or shaded letter and writing<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Wheeler). If the stencil was perfect all impressions were as well. The Electric Pen was a was a success for Edison that sold well and was liked. Any post prepared by the electric pen qualified as third class mail at one cent per ounce.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_2.png|thumb|right| <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>London, Printed for Private Circulation on the Edison Electrical Autographic Press 1876<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_2.png|thumb|right| <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>London, Printed for Private Circulation on the Edison Electrical Autographic Press 1876<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Electric Pen Works==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Electric Pen Works==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils. To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars were held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen was not in use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils. To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars were held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen was not in use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L20" >Line 20:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 28:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Autographic Print==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Autographic Print==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_1.png |thumb|left|Example of Autographic Print from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Autographic_Print_1.png |thumb|left|Example of Autographic Print from ''A question of authorship, involving a case of literary larceny'' by John Thomas Dexter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual script made of the electric pen is different from script from a regular pen despite Edison's aggressive campaigns that the pen and his electric one are virtually the same. They are not. The unavoidable and obtrusive material qualities of the pen– the vibrations of the motor, the weight of the motor ontop of the stylus, the leash connecting from the pen to the battery, the position of the pen on the paper- were all difficulties that translated into the writing. The awkwardness and complications of the machine that juxtapose the simplicity of the pen, all contribute to the way the stencil will be cut and also the way the ink fill the stencil onto the paper. Not considering the ink roller and paper press just yet, the print and cutting of the paper was not as easy as Edison advertised. Although versatile, Baldwin describes using the pen as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>you held the 'pen' perpendicular to the surface of the paper, as you would any conventional writing implement.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>In reality writing instruments are rarely held perfectly vertical, Edison eventually acknowledges this with the Woodbury Holder. Print was also affected by the speed in which someone wrote, although the vibrations and motor of the pen would cause a writer to naturally write slower, if someone was particularly skilled the centers of letters could fall out. Mistakes and typos on the stencil would have to be ingnored and remembered to be crossed out later or else large ink spots would dominate and bleed over the paper. As mentioned earlier, the ink used was diluted and semi-fluid, but like all stencils the ink cannot be completely contained. As seen in the Autographic print example taken from text actually printed using an electric pen their is bleeding. That is not coming from the back of the page, but caused from either over using the stencil, the ink being too fluid, or just the regular imperfections or difficulties of using ink rollers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual script made of the electric pen is different from script from a regular pen despite Edison's aggressive campaigns that the pen and his electric one are virtually the same. They are not. The unavoidable and obtrusive material qualities of the pen– the vibrations of the motor, the weight of the motor ontop of the stylus, the leash connecting from the pen to the battery, the position of the pen on the paper- were all difficulties that translated into the writing. The awkwardness and complications of the machine that juxtapose the simplicity of the pen, all contribute to the way the stencil will be cut and also the way the ink fill the stencil onto the paper. Not considering the ink roller and paper press just yet, the print and cutting of the paper was not as easy as Edison advertised. Although versatile, Baldwin describes using the pen as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>you held the 'pen' perpendicular to the surface of the paper, as you would any conventional writing implement.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>In reality writing instruments are rarely held perfectly vertical, Edison eventually acknowledges this with the Woodbury Holder. Print was also affected by the speed in which someone wrote, although the vibrations and motor of the pen would cause a writer to naturally write slower, if someone was particularly skilled the centers of letters could fall out. Mistakes and typos on the stencil would have to be ingnored and remembered to be crossed out later or else large ink spots would dominate and bleed over the paper. As mentioned earlier, the ink used was diluted and semi-fluid, but like all stencils the ink cannot be completely contained. As seen in the Autographic print example taken from text actually printed using an electric pen their is bleeding. That is not coming from the back of the page, but caused from either over using the stencil, the ink being too fluid, or just the regular imperfections or difficulties of using ink rollers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Electric Pen Improved and Remediated==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Electric Pen Improved and Remediated==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Woodbury Holder===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===The Woodbury Holder===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Woodbury_Holder.png|thumb|right|The Woodbury Holder]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Woodbury_Holder.png|thumb|right|The Woodbury Holder]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since writing with the electric pen was so unnatural, because no one can write at a perfect perpendicular angle, the Woodbury Holder was sold to make the writing easier. The Woodbury Holder literally held the electric pen so it was always at a 90 degree angle. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>The weight of the Electric Pen rests upon the point of the tube and the small leg which projects to the right of the holder<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Wheeler). The holder or handle extends outwards from the pen and looks like and is in the position of an actual pen. By moving the pen-like handle and exerting a little pressure the Electric Pen will move as you move the handle. The displacement of the writing is similar to that of cameras in which the lens and the view finder are at different angles and must be rectified before shooting the picture. The Woodbury Holder displaces the point of writing to make it easier for beginners to use the pen and also lessen the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>jar<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>of the pens vibrations. The Woodbury Holder was sold at 5 dollars (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since writing with the electric pen was so unnatural, because no one can write at a perfect perpendicular angle, the Woodbury Holder was sold to make the writing easier. The Woodbury Holder literally held the electric pen so it was always at a 90 degree angle. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>The weight of the Electric Pen rests upon the point of the tube and the small leg which projects to the right of the holder<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Wheeler). The holder or handle extends outwards from the pen and looks like and is in the position of an actual pen. By moving the pen-like handle and exerting a little pressure the Electric Pen will move as you move the handle. The displacement of the writing is similar to that of cameras in which the lens and the view finder are at different angles and must be rectified before shooting the picture. The Woodbury Holder displaces the point of writing to make it easier for beginners to use the pen and also lessen the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>jar<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>of the pens vibrations. The Woodbury Holder was sold at 5 dollars (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Reed Pen===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Reed Pen===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the Electric Pen is a writing instrument is doesn't connect words or make lines. The tiny perforations are not connected but instead made small enough so the ink will fill in the minuscule spaces. The obvious thing about the Electric Pen is that it is really more like a sewing machine and the words cannot connect or else the centers of the letter o's and a's and cursive letter s's will all fall out. Perforations are the obvious solutions to lines so the writer does not have to pay attention to where words connect or be prohibited from writing cursive or very quickly. The Reed Pen is the solution for those who write too quickly for the Electric Pen. Developed by Edison, the Reed Pen is for the expert autographic printer. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>It is not recommended, except to very fast, skillful penmen, as the speed of the pen is so great that the centres of the letters are liable to cut out<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Wheeler). The Reed Pen could be bought for 25 dollars.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the Electric Pen is a writing instrument is doesn't connect words or make lines. The tiny perforations are not connected but instead made small enough so the ink will fill in the minuscule spaces. The obvious thing about the Electric Pen is that it is really more like a sewing machine and the words cannot connect or else the centers of the letter o's and a's and cursive letter s's will all fall out. Perforations are the obvious solutions to lines so the writer does not have to pay attention to where words connect or be prohibited from writing cursive or very quickly. The Reed Pen is the solution for those who write too quickly for the Electric Pen. Developed by Edison, the Reed Pen is for the expert autographic printer. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>It is not recommended, except to very fast, skillful penmen, as the speed of the pen is so great that the centres of the letters are liable to cut out<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Wheeler). The Reed Pen could be bought for 25 dollars.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Music Ruling Pen===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Music Ruling Pen===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>(Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del>reply all,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </del>Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey. She is no longer prohibited from communicating on a person to person level but now can afford person to many communication as long as she has the machine, its supplies, and the ability to write.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>(Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot;</ins>reply all,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&quot; </ins>Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey. She is no longer prohibited from communicating on a person to person level but now can afford person to many communication as long as she has the machine, its supplies, and the ability to write.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td></tr>
</table>Egugecugehttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=7855&oldid=prevAlex at 03:46, 8 April 20102010-04-08T03:46:05Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wheeler, W.F. ''Edison's Electric Pen and Press. 5000 Copies from a cingle writing...'', New York General Eastern Agents, 1876.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wheeler, W.F. ''Edison's Electric Pen and Press. 5000 Copies from a cingle writing...'', New York General Eastern Agents, 1876.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Alexhttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=4973&oldid=prevKendra: /* Crayola Cutter */2008-05-21T22:40:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Crayola Cutter</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:40, 21 May 2008</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTRU1-3378227dt.jpg|thumb|right|The Electric Pen remediated as the Crayola Cutter]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTRU1-3378227dt.jpg|thumb|right|The Electric Pen remediated as the Crayola Cutter]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [http://www.amazon.com/gp/mpd/permalink/m1OMQCF4DMWUNW Crayola Cutter] is the newest form of the Electric Pen but for kids and safe. The Crayola Cutter works in exactly the same way by perforating the paper, but used mainly for arts and crafts projects. Completely made of plastic, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but </del>the main parts to the Electric Pen are still there. The stylus resembling an actual pen is still used connected by a wire in which it is battery powered. The wire or string also serves the purpose of not losing the pen from the rest of the machine. The batteries are not separate and are held inside the press which serves mostly as a blotter, since the Crayola Cutter, although it can make stencils, is mainly for cutting things out. So the pen, wire, press, and batteries are still intact from Edison's original design but remediated for children. It can be assumed the speed of the needle (or cutting tool probably not a needle) moves up and down at a much lower speed. And although the function of the perforating pen-like device is exactly the same, the purpose in which it is used is completely different. The Crayola Cuter is not a reproduction machine but a safe and sophisticated alternative to scissors.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [http://www.amazon.com/gp/mpd/permalink/m1OMQCF4DMWUNW Crayola Cutter] is the newest form of the Electric Pen but for kids and safe. The Crayola Cutter works in exactly the same way by perforating the paper, but used mainly for arts and crafts projects. Completely made of plastic, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">however </ins>the main parts to the Electric Pen are still there. The stylus resembling an actual pen is still used connected by a wire in which it is battery powered. The wire or string also serves the purpose of not losing the pen from the rest of the machine. The batteries are not separate and are held inside the press which serves mostly as a blotter, since the Crayola Cutter, although it can make stencils, is mainly for cutting things out. So the pen, wire, press, and batteries are still intact from Edison's original design but remediated for children. It can be assumed the speed of the needle (or cutting tool probably not a needle) moves up and down at a much lower speed. And although the function of the perforating pen-like device is exactly the same, the purpose in which it is used is completely different. The Crayola Cuter is not a reproduction machine but a safe and sophisticated alternative to scissors.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2998&oldid=prevKendra: /* A Letter from a Baptist Missionary */2007-12-05T20:13:26Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A Letter from a Baptist Missionary</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==A Letter from a Baptist Missionary==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. "One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish" (Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or "reply all," Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mrs. C.B. Thomas while traveling abroad in Burma for missionary purposes found a difficulty in keeping in touch with her many friends and acquaintances back home. She, however, did find a solution. "One can have some courage to write a letter if it can be made to answer for fifty or a hundred people. But how can such a thing be? This is the explanation. I have lately recieved from Boston one of Edison's electric pens and press which belongs with it. I do the writing; and, from the stencil which I thus make, two girls print off as many copies as I wish" (Thomas). Similar to sending one e-mail to many or "reply all," Mrs. Thomas printed off her own newsletters and without neglecting the larger purposes of her trip. Her letters, although mass produced, still resembles and was writtten in her own hand keeping true to the personality and intimacy that personal letters convey<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. She is no longer prohibited from communicating on a person to person level but now can afford person to many communication as long as she has the machine, its supplies, and the ability to write</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2997&oldid=prevKendra at 20:10, 5 December 20072007-12-05T20:10:22Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:10, 5 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">center</del>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">left</ins>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2996&oldid=prevKendra at 20:10, 5 December 20072007-12-05T20:10:09Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:10, 5 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right</del>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">center</ins>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2995&oldid=prevKendra at 20:09, 5 December 20072007-12-05T20:09:54Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:09, 5 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">left</del>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Electric Pen Sketch.png|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right</ins>|Sketch by Edison of Electric Pen]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:GreenfieldPen_s.jpg|thumb|right|Electric Pen image from electricpen.org]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2994&oldid=prevKendra: /* Mechanics */2007-12-05T20:09:21Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mechanics</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:09, 5 December 2007</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, "We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways" (755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, "We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways" (755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric pen was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendrahttp://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Electric_Pen&diff=2993&oldid=prevKendra: /* Mechanics */2007-12-05T20:08:44Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mechanics</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:08, 5 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L10" >Line 10:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Edison_Sketch_2.png|thumb|left|Early Sketches of different models for Electric Pen by Edison ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanics===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, "patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper" (patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils.To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>not in use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The patent by Edison, describes the writing of the pen as, "patterns for embroidery and for fresco painters... made of paper" (patent). By having a sharp needle at the end of a stylus that moves rapidly up and down, small perforations can be made into paper or wax paper to make stencils. To break it down, the pen consisted of a metal tube or stylus resembling a pen or writing device. At the end would be the needle connecting to wires inside the tube that connected to a small electromagnetic engine on the top of the stylus to power the movement of the needle. The engine was then connected to a voltaic battery of two glass jars <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </ins>held up by a metal stand. The most favorable liquids used are bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid(patent). The connection between the pen and the battery can be disconnected by removing metal plates inside the jars to prevent ''consumption of materials'' when the pen <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>not in use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, "We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways" (755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dangerous </del>dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important aspect of the pen is speed of the needle and movement of the needle. If the needle was not quick enough to match the speed of the hand, the paper would either tear or the stencils were not complete or legible. Although the devise is more like a sewing machine or knife than a pen, the machine had to be able to work and survive while being treated like one. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The slender shape of the stylus to resemble an actual pen was arbitrary and more difficult than it needed to be since the motor surely made the whole thing unbalanced. Since it is a writing tool it makes sense to structure it like a pen but in reality it might have been easier and less awkward if the shape was unique. Perhaps it would not have sold as well but the positioning of the pen would have been less unnatural.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>Another problem was if the needle moved in any way other than up or down. Edison solved this problem in his ''Papers: from workshop to labratory'' where he notes, "We made a great improvement in the pen by...putting a guide above cam A (one of the wheels of the motor) so that it could only move the wheel up and down and not at all sideways" (755). Another problem was if the needle became loose, the script would be messy and unreadable. The length of the wire from the battery to the pen had to be loose enough and long enough to not effect the movements of the hand. The electric <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pen </ins>was an overall awkward device especially since the pen had to be perfectly perpendicular to the paper, balance a rotating electromagnetic motor on top, and move smoothly despite vibrations moving a needle up and down at 8,000 perforations every minute(Iams). The electric pen was also a dangerous machine: an open motor, batteries in glass jars in which the connecting metal plates can and are suppose to be removed when not in use, and a sharp vibrating needle sold on a mass market level and advertised as easy to use (Wheeler).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Printing===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kendra