Cel Animation

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Tyler Williams

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Gertie the dinosaur, from Winsor McCay's 1914 film of the same name. The earliest widely popular animated short films in the US, it contains many animation loops similar to these 24 frames.

Overview...



Outline:

Presence Gumbrecht Example: McCay’s Gertie the dinosaur

Illusion of motion Persistence of vision

Intertwine theory with history: Animation as a system Modularity From simple to complex


Early animation Late animation

History and theory: Manovich Gitelman Crary

Precursors Representation: Magic lantern Seen as mystical Example: picture Photography Mimesis not immediately grasped Especially since exposure time long Example: war photo picture

Time: Phenakistiscope Example animated gif //http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Phenakistoscope_3g07690a.gif// Kinetoscope (film) Example: Edison film boxing match http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiTXye62mAY&feature=channel

Differentiation from film Mixture of live-action and animation Example: Disney’s Alices’ Wonderland Wonders of animation

Representation of space Crary

Abstraction of vision into mechanism Subjective truth and perceptual effects

Example: Disney’s Fantasia


Representation of time Doane and Freud Crary Example: Road Runner Stopping of time

Persistence of vision


Televisionization of animation Economic and cultural changes Example: Scooby Doo Disney’s mid-period “English” films

Future:

Special Effects as supplement Dichotomy Example: Who Framed Roger Rabbit?

Special Effects as enhancer of verisimilitude: Manovich

Example: Jurassic Park

Digital video, with live-action as a supplement Manovich

Example: Avatar