Cel Animation
Tyler Williams
Overview...
Outline:
Presence Gumbrecht Example: McCay’s Gertie the dinosaur
Illusion of motion Persistence of vision
Intertwine theory with history: Animation as a system Modularity From simple to complex
Early animation
Late animation
History and theory: Manovich Gitelman Crary
Precursors Representation: Magic lantern Seen as mystical Example: picture Photography Mimesis not immediately grasped Especially since exposure time long Example: war photo picture
Time: Phenakistiscope Example animated gif //http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Phenakistoscope_3g07690a.gif// Kinetoscope (film) Example: Edison film boxing match http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiTXye62mAY&feature=channel
Differentiation from film Mixture of live-action and animation Example: Disney’s Alices’ Wonderland Wonders of animation
Representation of space Crary
Abstraction of vision into mechanism Subjective truth and perceptual effects
Example: Disney’s Fantasia
Representation of time
Doane and Freud
Crary
Example: Road Runner
Stopping of time
Persistence of vision
Televisionization of animation
Economic and cultural changes
Example: Scooby Doo
Disney’s mid-period “English” films
Future:
Special Effects as supplement Dichotomy Example: Who Framed Roger Rabbit?
Special Effects as enhancer of verisimilitude: Manovich
Example: Jurassic Park
Digital video, with live-action as a supplement Manovich
Example: Avatar